Various parties are paying attention to the uncertainty surrounding trade with the United States

The US Supreme Court recently issued a ruling, determining that the US International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the President to impose large-scale tariffs. Subsequently, US President Trump announced that a 15% tariff would be imposed on goods from all countries and regions, further increasing global trade uncertainty. Major US trading partners such as the European Union and Japan responded by stating that they are awaiting clarification from the US side. Within the US, the business community's calls for the refund of tariffs continue to rise.

On the 22nd, the European Commission issued a statement expressing its hope that the United States would abide by the trade agreement reached with the EU. "As the largest trading partner of the United States, the EU expects the United States to fulfill its commitments outlined in the joint statement." The European Commission reiterated its hope that the United States would clarify the measures it would take in response to the ruling.

In an interview with CBS, Christine Lagarde, President of the European Central Bank, stated that all parties should be wary of commercial risks, and businesses require "predictability" rather than "legal battles". Any new tariff plan must be clearly defined.

The German business community is taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the ruling of the US Supreme Court. The German Engineering Federation (VDMA) issued a statement saying that "the ruling is important", but its actual impact is still difficult to judge at present, which also adds to the "continuing uncertainty" faced by enterprises.

Canada welcomed the ruling. Ontario Premier Doug Ford said in a social media post that the ruling was an "important victory," but the fight would continue, and "we need to closely monitor the White House's subsequent reaction.".

Australian Minister for Trade and Tourism Don Farrell said that Australia is "assessing the impact of the ruling" and that it supports free and fair trade and has consistently opposed "unjust tariffs".

According to Kyodo News, the Japanese government is highly vigilant about potential disruptions in exports to the United States and is in the process of confirming detailed information with the American side. According to Yonhap News Agency, South Korean Minister of Trade, Industry and Energy Kim Sang-Kwan stated on the 23rd that South Korea will continue to negotiate with the United States to maintain the "balance of interests" between the two countries.

The US Supreme Court's ruling on tariffs has cast doubt on the future of the trade agreement between India and the United States. Reuters, citing a source from the Indian Ministry of Trade, reported that the Indian trade negotiation delegation has postponed its trip to Washington, with the specific date to be determined. Earlier this month, the White House announced the framework of a provisional trade agreement between the United States and India. Indian officials revealed at the time that the two sides planned to sign a formal trade agreement in March.

In an interview with Fox News Channel, U.S. Trade Representative Jamison Greer stated that the trade agreements already reached between the United States and other trading partners must be adhered to. He cited Malaysia and Cambodia as examples, where the tariff rates on their exports to the United States will remain at 19% as previously agreed upon.

In response to the United States' unilateral imposition of additional tariffs, Brazilian President Lula called on the countries of the global South on the 22nd to work together, counter unilateral bullying with multilateralism, and face challenges in solidarity. Mexican Minister of Economy Marcelo Ebrard stated that Mexico would carefully analyze the scope of impact of the new tariff measures imposed by the United States, avoiding a hasty response that could affect the economic stability of the Latin American region.

Within the United States, a focal point of public opinion is whether businesses can smoothly obtain tax refunds. According to budget modeling by the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, the tax refunds involved in the Supreme Court's final ruling on tariffs could amount to $175 billion.

According to reports, importers may need to apply to the US Customs and Border Protection and take legal action to obtain tax refunds. “This means there will be a lot of confusion,” said Mark Buse, a professor of international trade at Georgetown University in the US. He believes that the most reliable and fastest way for companies to recover their funds is for Congress to intervene and announce automatic refunds. Without congressional intervention, “this will take years”.